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Programming guidelines

2,736 bytes added, 04:06, 28 December 2012
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Members names: format
[[Category:Developers/General]]In a multi-programmer environment, it is important to follow common coding guidelines to make sure the code remains maintainable.
As more and more people start editing the code, we need to establish a few guidelines to make sure the code remains maintainable. == Coding style ==
=== PEP8 ===
* Write [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ PEP 8] compatible code! This is important to have a consistent, readable codebase.
** it is not explicit in PEP8, but we like a space after a comma
 
=== Tabs ===
* Do not use TABs. Use space characters. In GRAMPS we use 4 spaces for indentation. This does not mean you must set your TAB stops to 4. TABs and indents are not the same thing. Most editors have a configuration option to set indentation and TAB stops. Be careful to just set the '''indentation''' to 4, which automatically means it has to be '''spaces'''. (TABs are still necessary, in Makefiles for example, and they '''have to''' be equivalent to 8 spaces, '''always'''.) To summarize:
** uses spaces, no TABs
** indentation is 4
** TAB stops (if any) are at position 9,17,25,... (first column is 1)
 
=== Members names ===
* Private class functions (functions that cannot be called outside the class) should be preceded with two underscores.
* Protected functions (functions that can only be called by the class or derived classes) should be preceded with one underscore.
<pre>
def __private_function(self):
pass
def _protected_function(self):
pass
</pre>
 
=== Callbacks ===
* Do not use tabsNames of callbacks should be prefixed by 'cb_'. Use space characters. If you use an editor with settable tab stops For example, go into the preferences and change the tab behavior to use spaces only. In GRAMPS we use 4 spaces for indentation<code>cb_my_callback</code>.
* <code>pylint</code> does not check that arguments are used when methods are named in this way. This is useful to avoid the <code>pylint</code> warning: 'W0613: Unused argument <arg>'. === Imports ===The top module is called gramps, and it has following submodules:# gen# cli# gui# pluginsThe other dirs should not contain code, or are for testing. Within a submodule, only relative imports are allowed of the own submodule (so starting with . or with a module of the own directory), and absolute imports of other submodules (so starting with <code>gramps.</code>) '''Important''': files in the gen submodule are '''not''' allowed to import files from the other submodules. So <code>gen</code> should be self-contained. '''Important 2''': current code does not satisfy this rule yet, should be done by end of 2012 == Class headers. ==* Each class should have a simple header to help mark it in the file. This is not used for documentation - it is used to help find the class when multiple classes exist in the same file.
<code>
#------------------------------------------------------------
#------------------------------------------------------------
</code>
 == Docstrings ==* Docstrings. Python provides a docstrings to document classes and functions. If the class is a class used by others (such as the RelLib [http://www.gramps-project.org/docs/gen/gen_lib.html#module-gen.lib gen lib] classes), the docstrings should follow the restructuredtext ([http://epydocdocutils.sourceforge.net/manual-epytextdocs/user/rst/quickstart.html epydoc#structure rst] ) format. This allows us to extract [http://www.gramps-project.org/api3 docs/ API] documentation using sphinx.  * Apart from adding doc strings to classes and functions, also the api generating rst files must be edited so as to extract the documentation. These files are in the [http://gramps.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/gramps/trunk/docs/ docs directory], for info read the [http://svn.code.sf.net/p/gramps/code/trunk/docs/README.txt README.txt] file. :More info:* [http://sphinx-doc.org/markup/desc.html sphinx for python]:* [http://sphinx-doc.org/rest.html doc with sphinx] Classes that are not core reusable classes do not have to follow this format(although we encourage you do), but should be documented using docstrings.<codepre> class MyClass: """ MyClass is a sample class. """ def my_function(self): """ The my_function task serves no purpose whatsoever. """ pass</code>* Private class functions (functions that cannot be called outside the class) should be preceded with two underscores. Protected functions (functions that can only be called by the class or derived classes) should be preceded with one underscore.<code> def __private_function(self): pass
def _protected_functionmy_function(self): """ The my_function task serves no purpose whatsoever. """ pass</codepre== Pylint ==* Run <code>pylint</code> on your code before checking in. * New files shall have a Pylint score of 9 or higher. New files will not be accepted if they have a Pylint score lower than 9.* Any changes to existing files with a Pylint score lower than 9 shall not reduce the Pylint score. It is expected that over time, and use the output this policy will cause all files to reasonably clean up the codeeventually have a score of 9 or higher.  Note that you must run <code>pylint</code> in the <code>srcgramps</code> directory.If import errors still occur, add a PYTHONPATH. Example usage: me@laptop:~/programs/trunk/src$ PYTHONPATH=plugins/lib/ pylint --include-ids=y --reports=y plugins/mapservices/googlemap.pySet reports to n to have less output. Info on the codes can be found here: [http://pylint-messages.wikidot.com/all-codes]
== Best practices ==* Always develop with [http://www.gramps-project.org/wiki/index.php?title=[Coding_for_translation |language translation]] in mind
* Reduce dependencies (imports) between files.
 
* Think on [[Accessibility]].
 
[[Category:Developers/General]]
[[Category:Developers/Quality Assurance]]

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